Coloring of textile materials



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This invention relates to the coloring oftextile materials such asfabric or'yarn and relates more particularlyto the'colormg oi A suchmaterial by means of water insolublecolloidally dispersed coloringmatter.

An object of our invention is to impart a ing matter, such asmineralpigments and/or water insoluble organic dyestuffs. A further object ofour invention is to decrease the tendency of coloring matter to rub oilfrom textile material bythe incorporation in the substance containingthe coloringmaterial oi latex or colloidal rubber. A further object ofour invention is to diminish the tendency of fabrics to slip or ladderby treating the same with a suspension of latex. Further objects of ourinvention will appear from Y the iollowin detailed description.v

We have ound that if textile materials, and particularly textilematerials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, are treated withcolloidal suspensions or solutions of min eral pigments, these pigmentsare absorbed by the textile material, whereby color eflects which areextremely fast to light are obtained. In order to' prevent or dimimshthe tendency ofthe coloring matter to rub oil, we have found that theaddition to the substance containing the same of colloidal rubber orlatex is advantageous. Moreover if such fabrics are treated with asuspension of latex, the tendency of the same to run or ladder isreduced. In accordance with our invention, we treat textile materialswith a substance containing a finely divided mineral pigment and/orwater soluble or insoluble organic dyestufi in coloidal suspension orsolution, and preferably but, not necessarily in the presence ofcolloidally dispersed rubber or later.

The textile material to be treated in accordance with our invention maybe yarn or-iabric. The yarnmay'bet ated'hr'the form of hanks or woundonto suitable packages such as bobbins, pirns, cones, etc. The fabricmay be any suitable woven, knitted or netted fab- I Application filediiebruary 23, 1929. serial No. 842,667.

While this invention is of general application' and is ap licable totextile materials made of all kin s of fibres, it is of special interestin the coloring of yarns containing organic derivatives of cellulose orfabrics consisting in wholeor in part of such yarns. The organicderivatives of cellulose may be organic esters of cellulose or celluloseethers. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate,cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, whileexamples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose andbenzyl cellulose.

The fabric ma be a mixed fabric containing yarns of suc organicderivatives of cellulose and yarns of other fibres such as cotton,natural silk, wool, reconstituted cellulose (rayon) etc.

Any suitable mineral pigment may be employed in our invention. Examplesof such pigments are graphite, prussian blue, vermillion, red lead, orother suitable pigments that are employed in the making of paints.Ifdesired, organic dyestuffs such as ponsol blue 3G, anthrene 'adegreen,other vat colors, the azo dyestu s or other water soluble dyestufi's mayalso be employed, and any suitable mixtures of the mineral pigmentsand/or water soluble or insoluble or ganic dyestuffs to obtain thedesired color are applicable. In order to cause the textile materials tobecome colored,it is of importance that thepigments and/or waterinsoluble ,dyestufl's be applied thereto preferably in the form of acolloidal dispersion or solution, or in such fine degree of dispersionas will produce the desired coloration.

, In order to reduce the tendency of the colorin material to rub off ofthe textile materia after the same has been colored therewith, we preferto add to the dye bath or" terial an appropriate amount of colloidalrubberor latex to which a suitable vulcaniz ing agent may be added ifdesired. The textile material may if desired be treated with a bathcontaining latex and no coloring matter, and this treatment may becarried out w on the undyed fabric or yarn, or on such fabric. or yarnafter the same has been dyed.

. gum and In order to increase the aflinity of the textile material forthe pigment, we prefer to add to the dye bath or printing paste,suitable substances that act as assistants for causing the textilematerial to have the color imparted thereto. These assistants ma be inthe form of swelling a ents for the fi rs of the textile material an /orin the form of inor nic or organic salts such as sodium chlorigd, sodiumor potassium hydrosulphite, the thiocyanate of ammonium, potassium orsodiumor other salts of a strongbaseand a weak aci such as'borax. Insome cases or me compounds which me also act as sweling agents for theorganic erivatives of cellulose in the textile material may be employedand examples of these are acetic acid, formic acid, acetone, etc.

Due consideration should be given to the nature of the substancesemployed as assistants to promote the coloring of the textile materialand the concentration of the same employed. Thus if no latex is employedwe have found that the use of sodium chlori e in amounts from 2 to ramsper liter of dye bath give highly satis actory results. When latex isemployed in conjunction with the colloidal pigment or water insolubledyestufi, the salts of a strong base and weak acid, such as ammoniumthiocyanate or borax, are very advantageously employed, and theirconcentration shoul be such that the coagulation of the latex isavoided. Thus in the case of ammonium thiocyanate, a concentration offrom 0.5 to 2 grams per liter or more produce satisfactory results.Since acids cause the coagulation of latex, if the textile material isto be dyed with a. dye that requires the gresence of acid, this dyeingis preferably one prior'to treatment with the ath containing the latex.

In thecase of a mineral pigment such as colloidally dispersed aphite,the use of the hydrosulphite of so ium or potassium is quite feasible,and since these hydrosul hites are often employed in connection wit thevat dyes, this invention may be employed for shading the colors obtainedby dyeing textile materials with such-vat dyes. Thus by 'inco crating asuitable amount of colloidal grap ite in a dye bath or printing astecontaining a vat dye, and an alkaline ydrosulphite the color imparted tothe textile material by such bath or paste may be deepened or darkenedor shaded to any desired degree.

This shading effect may be obtained in connection with any suitabledyestufi.

This invention may be employed for -dyeing textile materials byimmersing the'sa-me in a dye bath made in accordance with thisinvention. Moreover local color effects may be produced by printin witha suitable paste containing a sultable t ickening agent such as -gumarabic, gum tragacanth or British the col oidally dispersed coloring ourand the temperature ismaterial." Also'by brushing or spraying a solutionmade in. accordance with our mventionthroughstencils ontofabrics,difl'erential color efl'ects may be obtained.

In order further to illustrate our invention but without being limitedthereto the following specific examples are given.

Ewample I I an untreated fabric, whereas if the fabric is a knit fabricits tendency to ladder is materially reduced. i

Eeample 11 A fabric consisting wholly of yarns of cellulose acetate istreated in a bath contain iing 5 grams per liter of sodium chloride andof the 10% ofan aqueous colloidal dispersion of graphite; The time oftreatment is of an 5. fabric has a medium gra color imparted theretowhich color is fa1rly fast to washing and which is extremely fast tolight. If instead of employing 10% of the dispersion of gaphite, 40%thereof is employed, a very dar gra color is im arted to the fabric,which co or has a goo fastness to washing and a very good fastness tolight.

Example II The following is' an example wherein colloidal rubber orlatex is employed to prevent or diminish the tendency of the color 130l'llb. I J

A fabric consisting Aqueous colloidal disperson of graphite 10% Ammoniumthiocyanate 1 gram per liter Latex (30%) 5 cc. per liter A medium graycolor is imparted to the fabric, which color is fast to washing, veryfast to light and which color does not rub.

If instead of employing 10% of graphite, 40% of the same is used, a darkay color that is fast to washing, light an rubbing is obtained.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is givenmerely by way of illustration and that many variations may be madetherein without departing from the spirit of our invention. v

Having described our invention what we The wholly of yarns of cel luloseacetate is treated for A of an hour at 7 5 C. in 50 times its weight ofa bath which is made up as follows:

claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Textile material containing cellulose acetate having a color impartedto at least part of the surface thereof by means of a dispersion offinely divided graphite.

2. Textile material containing cellulose acetate having a color impartedto at least part of the surface thereof by means of finely dispersedgraphite and latex.

3. Method of coloring textile materials containing organic derivativesof cellulose, comprising applying thereto by means of a bath treatment adispersion of finely divided graphite.

4. Method of coloring textile materials containing cellulose acetate,comprising applying thereto by means of a bath treatment a dispersion offinely divided graphite.

2O 5. Method of coloring textile materials containing organicderivatives of cellulose, comprising applying thereto by means of a bathtreatment a dispersion of finely divided graphite in the presence of asubstance that .;5 acts as an assistant for imparting color.

6. Method of coloring textile materials containing cellulose acetate,comprising applying thereto by means of a bath treatment a dilutecolloidal dispersion of latex and a dis- 0 persion of finel dlvidedgraphite.

7. Method 0 coloring textile materials containing cellulose acetate,comprising applying thereto by means of abath treatment a dilutecolloidal dispersion of latex and a dispersion of finely dividedgraphite in the presence of a substance that acts as an assistant forimparting the color.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.

CAMILLE DREYFUS.

GEORGE W. MILES. HERBERT PLATT.

